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煤質柱狀活性炭物理吸附性特征介紹
一(yi)般性(xing)質煤(mei)質柱狀活性(xing)炭外觀為暗黑色,只有(you)良好(hao)的(de)吸(xi)附(fu)性(xing)能,化學穩定性(xing)好(hao),可耐強(qiang)酸及強(qiang)堿,能經(jing)受水(shui)浸,高溫(wen)。比重(zhong)比水(shui)輕,是(shi)多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)性(xing)的(de)疏(shu)水(shui)性(xing)吸(xi)附(fu)劑。細(xi)(xi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)結(jie)(jie)構和細(xi)(xi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)分布活性(xing)炭在制造(zao)過程中(zhong),揮發性(xing)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)去除后,晶格間生(sheng)成的(de)空(kong)隙形成許多(duo)形狀和大(da)小(xiao)不同的(de)細(xi)(xi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)。這些細(xi)(xi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)壁的(de)總表面(mian)積(比表面(mian)積)一(yi)般高達500~1700m2/g,這就是(shi)煤(mei)質柱狀活性(xing)炭吸(xi)附(fu)能力強(qiang)、吸(xi)附(fu)容(rong)量(liang)大(da)的(de)主要原因。表面(mian)積相(xiang)同的(de)炭,對(dui)同一(yi)種(zhong)物(wu)(wu)質的(de)吸(xi)附(fu)容(rong)量(liang)有(you)時也不同,這與活性(xing)炭的(de)細(xi)(xi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)結(jie)(jie)構和細(xi)(xi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)分布有(you)關。
煤質(zhi)柱狀活(huo)性(xing)炭小(xiao)微(wei)孔(kong)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約為(wei)0.15~0.90ml/g,表(biao)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)占活(huo)性(xing)炭總(zong)表(biao)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)95%以(yi)上(shang),因此煤質(zhi)柱狀活(huo)性(xing)炭與(yu)其他吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑(ji)相(xiang)比,具有小(xiao)微(wei)孔(kong)特(te)別發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征。過(guo)(guo)渡孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)0.02~0.10ml/g,表(biao)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)不超過(guo)(guo)單(dan)位(wei)重量吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)劑(ji)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)5%,液相(xiang)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)時(shi),吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)質(zhi)(溶質(zhi))分子(zi)直徑(jing)較(jiao)大,如著(zhu)色(se)成份(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分子(zi)直徑(jing)多在(zai)30A以(yi)上(shang),這(zhe)時(shi)小(xiao)微(wei)孔(kong)幾乎不起作用。有些(xie)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)質(zhi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)渡孔(kong)作為(wei)通(tong)道擴(kuo)散(san)到小(xiao)微(wei)孔(kong)中(zhong)去,因此吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴(kuo)散(san)速度受過(guo)(guo)渡孔(kong)多少的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。液相(xiang)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)時(shi),過(guo)(guo)渡孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求是重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)。大微(wei)孔(kong)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)0.2~0.5ml/g,表(biao)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)只(zhi)有0.5~2m2/g。對液相(xiang)物理吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu),大微(wei)孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用不大,但作為(wei)觸媒(mei)載體時(shi),大孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用甚為(wei)顯著(zhu)。
煤質(zhi)柱狀(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)受多(duo)種(zhong)因素的(de)(de)(de)影響,不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)原料、不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)方(fang)法及(ji)條件,制得(de)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)細孔半(ban)徑也不同(tong),表(biao)面(mian)積(ji)多(duo)占(zhan)比例也不同(tong)。在組成活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)元素中(zhong)(zhong),炭(tan)(tan)(tan)占(zhan)70~95%,此外還含有(you)兩種(zhong)混(hun)合(he)物,一是由(you)于(yu)原料中(zhong)(zhong)本來就存在炭(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)不完全炭(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)而殘留在活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)結構中(zhong)(zhong),或在活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)時以化(hua)(hua)學(xue)鍵結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)氧和(he)氫。另一種(zhong)是灰分(fen),構成活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)無機部分(fen)。灰分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)含量及(ji)組成隨活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)而異,煤質(zhi)柱狀(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)氫和(he)氧的(de)(de)(de)存在對活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)影響。在炭(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)及(ji)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),由(you)于(yu)氫和(he)氧與(yu)(yu)碳(tan)以化(hua)(hua)學(xue)鍵結合(he),使活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)上有(you)各種(zhong)有(you)機官能團型式的(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)物及(ji)碳(tan)氫化(hua)(hua)物,這些(xie)氧化(hua)(hua)物是活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)與(yu)(yu)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)質(zhi)分(fen)子發生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)作用(yong)(yong),顯示出活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)選擇吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)在活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)和(he)后處理(li)(酸洗(xi)或堿洗(xi))得(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),是活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)表(biao)面(mian)帶(dai)有(you)在水溶液中(zhong)(zhong)呈酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)pH值。活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)在后處理(li)時對酸、堿的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)量,與(yu)(yu)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)溫度有(you)密切的(de)(de)(de)關系。由(you)于(yu)粒(li)狀(zhuang)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)具有(you)工(gong)藝簡單、操作方(fang)便、所(suo)以其(qi)使用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)逐漸擴(kuo)大。